Hakurikijwe
inyandiko z’abanyamateka bagarutse cyane ku mateka y’u Rwanda, usanga u Rwanda
rwaba rumaze kuyoborwa n’abakuru b’igihugu 34, barimo abami 28 n’abaperezida 6.
Aha ni uguhera mu mwaka w’1000, aho inyandiko nyinshi zitajya zibasha kurenga
ngo hagaragazwe iby’amateka y’imitegekere y’u Rwanda rwa mbere y’uwo mwaka,
cyane ko na Gihanga wahanze u Rwanda yayoboye guhera icyo gihe, bivuga ko ari
ho u Rwanda ruhera.
Ibijyanye n’abami ntitubitindaho cyane, gusa turagaragaza uburyo
bagiye bakurikirana n’imyaka bategetse:
1.
Gihanga I Ngomijana (1091-1124)
2.
Kanyarwanda Gahima (1124-1157)
3. Yuhi
I Musindi (1157-1180)
4.
Ndahiro I Ruyange (1180-1213)
5.
Ndoba (1213-1246)
6.
Samembe (1246-1279)
7.
Nsoro I Samukondo (1279-1312)
8.
Ruganzu I Bwimba (1312-1345)
9.
Cyilima I Rugwe (1345-1378)
10.
Kigeli I Mukobanya (1378-1411)
11.
Mibambwe I Sekarongoro I Mutabazi I (1411-1444)
12.
Yuhi II Gahima II (1444-1477)
13.
Ndahiro II Cyamatare (1477-1510)
14.
Ruganzu II Ndoli (1510-1543)
15.
Mutara I Nsoro II Semugeshi 1543-1576)
16.
Kigeli II Nyamuheshera (1576-1609)
17.
Mibambwe II Sekarongoro II Gisanura (1609-1642)
18.
Yuhi III Mazimpaka (1642-1675)
19.
Cyilima II Rujugira (1675-1708)
20.
Kigeli III Ndabarasa (1708-1741)
21.
Mibambwe III Mutabazi II Sentabyo (1741-1746)
22.
Yuhi IV Gahindiro (1746-1802)
23.
Mutara II Rwogera (1802-1853)
24.
Kigeli IV Rwabugili (1853-1895)
25.
Mibambwe IV Rutarindwa (1895 -1895) *Uyu yakorewe kudeta.
26.
Yuhi V Musinga (1895-1931)
27.
Mutara III Rudahigwa (1931-1959)
28.
Kigeli V Ndahindurwa (1959-1960)
Muri
iyi nkuru kandi, turagaruka ku bijyanye n’uko aba Perezida bayoboye u Rwanda
nyuma y’irikwa ry’ingoma ya cyami, turebe uko bakurikiranye, uko bagiye bafata
ubutegetsi, igihe bagiye babumaraho n’uko batanu ba mbere muri aba batandatu
bagiye babuvaho.
1. Mbonyumutwa Dominique
Mbonyumutwa
Dominique, ni we Perezida wayoboye u Rwanda mu gihe cy’igeragezwa rya
Repubulika ryabaye mbere y’uko rubona ubwigenge, nyuma kandi y’irangira
ry’ingoma ya cyami mu Rwanda. Mbonyumutwa yayoboye u Rwanda mu gihe cy’amezi
icyenda gusa, kuva tariki 28 Mutarama kugeza tariki 26 Ukwakira 1961. Kuva ku
butegetsi kwe, byatewe n’uko atabashije gutsinda amatora. Uyu Dominique
Mbonyumutwa yari yaravutse mu 1921, nyuma yaje gutabaruka tariki 26 Nyakanga
1986 aguye mu Bubiligi, ashyingurwa mu cyahoze ari Gitarama ahari hubatse
sitade yari yaramwitiriwe.
2. Kayibanda Grégoire
Kayibanda
Grégoire, niwe Perezida wa kabiri u Rwanda rwagize, akaba ari nawe wa mbere
waruyoboye kuva rwabona ubwigenge ndetse ninawe wa mbere wabaye Perezida
habayeho amatora. Kayibanda yagiye ku butegetsi tariki 26 Ukwakira 1961 atsinze
amatora ayobora manda ye ya mbere kugeza mu 1965 ubwo yongeraga kwiyamamaza ari
we mukandida rukumbi ndetse anongera kwiyamamaza ari wenyine mu 1969, aho hose
atsinda amatora.
Kayibanda
yayoboye u Rwanda mu gihe cy’imyaka 12 kugeza tariki 4 Nyakanga 1973 ubwo
yahirikwaga ku butegetsi na Juvénal Habyarimana wari inshuti ye magara akaba
yari na Minisitiri w’ingabo icyo gihe. Yahise afungwa hamwe n’umugore we, maze
baza gupfira mu nzu bari bafungiwemo ahitwa i Kavumu hafi ya Kabgayi, hari
tariki 15 Ukuboza 1976.Bivugwa ko Habyarimana yabicishije inzara kugeza
bashizemo umwuka. Kayibanda Grégoire yapfuye afite imyaka 52 kuko yari
yaravutse tariki 01 Gicurasi 1924.
3. Habyarimana Juvénal
Juvénal
Habyarimana wari umusirikare ku ipeti rya Général Major akaba yari na
Minisitiri w’ingabo z’u Rwanda, yagiye ku butegetsi tariki 5 Nyakanga 1973
nyuma yo guhirika ubutegetsi bwa Kayibanda. Igitutu n’amashagaga bye, byatumye ahita
abatizwa "Kinani", rimwe na rimwe bakavuga "Kinani cyananiye
abagome n’abagambanyi".
Ubutegetsi
bwa Habyarimana ntibwavugirwagamo, ndetse amatora y’umukuru w’igihugu nayo
yabaga mu buryo budasanzwe, ari we mukandida rukumbi. Nyuma yo gushinga ishyaka
MRND ryari ryo shyaka rukumbi ryemewe mu gihugu, Juvénal Habyarimana yagiye
akoresha icyari nk’ikinamico y’amatora, aho yiyamamazaga ntawe bahatana.
Amatora
ya mbere yiyamamajemo wenyine ni aya tariki 24 Ukuboza 1978 aho byatangajwe ko
yatowe ku kigero cya 98.99%, ayakurikiyeho yabaye tariki 19 Ukuboza 1983 nabwo
bitangazwa ko yatsinze ku kigereranyo cya 99.97%, naho andi yabaye tariki 19
Ukuboza 1988 byatangajwe ko yayatsinze ku kigereranyo cya 99.98%.
Uyu
yari yaravutse tariki 8 Werurwe 1937, akaba yarayoboye u Rwanda imyaka myinshi
kurusha abandi bose bayoboye u Rwanda kugeza ubu, kuko yayoboye imyaka 21
ategekesha igutugu kugeza ubwo yiciwe mu ndege yahanuwe tariki 6 Mata 1994,
ubutegetsi bwe buba butembagaye butyo.
4. Dr Sindikubwaho Théodore
Dr
Sindikubwabo Théodore, niwe Perezida u Rwanda rwagize mu mateka waruyoboye
igihe gito kandi mu gihe kibi cya Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi, byumvikana ko nta
n’umusaruro muzima yabyaje intebe y’ubutegetsi bwe.
Sindikubwaho
wari warigeze kuba Minisitiri w’ubuzima mu gihe cy’ubutegetsi bwa Kayibanda,
yari yaraminuje mu by’ubuvuzi. Habyarimana amaze gufata ubutegetsi yahise ajya
mu kazi k’ibyo yize by’ubuganga, akora mu bitaro bya CHK kugeza mu 1988 ubwo
yasubiraga muri Politiki nk’umudepite mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda.
Nyuma
y’iminsi ibiri indege ya Habyarimana Juvénal irashwe, Sindikubwabo wari ukuriye
Inteko Ishinga Amategeko icyo gihe, yabaye Perezida kuva tariki 9 Mata 1994, mu
cyari cyiswe Leta y’Abatabazi. Mu gihe cya Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi, Sindikubwabo
azwiho kuba yaragiye ashishikariza abahutu kwica abatutsi ndetse agashimira
cyane ababaga bakora ubwicanyi cyane.
Yahise
ava ku butegetsi nyuma y’amezi atatu gusa, ingabo za FPR Inkotanyi zimaze
kubohoza igihugu. Ingoma ye yarangiye tariki 19 Nyakanga 1994, ubwo yahungiraga
mu cyahoze cyitwa Zaïre. Yaje gupfira muri iki gihugu gisigaye cyitwa
Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo, akaba yarapfuye mu mwaka w’1998.
Yapfuye ari umukambwe w’imyaka 70 kuko yari yaravutse mu 1928.
5. Bizimungu Pasteur
Pasteur
Bizimungu, niwe wahise ayobora u Rwanda nyuma y’ihagarikwa rya Jenoside, akaba
yaricaye mu ntebe y’ubuyobozi tariki 19 Nyakanga 1994 ubwo yari afatanyije na
Major General Paul Kagame wari Visi Perezida akaba ari nawe wari umugaba mukuru
w’ingabo. Pasteur Bizimungu yayoboye u Rwanda mu gihe gikabakaba imyaka 6,
kugeza ubwo yatangazaga ko yeguye ku bushake tariki 23 Werurwe 2000.
Hagati
aho ariko akimara kwegura, Charles Ntakirutinka wabaye Minisitiri w’Ingufu,
Imirimo ya Leta, no gutwara abantu n’Ibintu; ndetse akaba yaranigeze kuba
Minsitiri w’imibereho Myiza y’Abaturage mu gihe cy’ubutegetsi bwa Pasteur
Bizimungu ndetse bakavira rimwe mu myanya y’ubuyobozi, muri 2001 bafatanyije
n’abandi bantu batandatu bashinga ishyaka bise PDR-Ubuyanja (Parti Démocratique
du Renouveau/ Democratic Party for Renewal Ubuyanja) mu gihe uyu Pasteur
Bizimungu yahoze mu ishyaka rya FPR Inkotanyi ubwo yari Perezida.
Mu
kwezi kwa Kane 2002, nibwo batawe muri yombi bazira ibyaha byo gukwirakwiza
ibihuha mu baturage hagamijwe kubangisha ubuyobozi n’amategeko y’igihugu.
Bashinjwaga kandi gukora inama rwihishwa ngo zari zigambiriye kubangamira
umudendezo w’igihugu no guteza amacakubiri mu Banyarwanda.
Bahise
bagezwa imbere y’urukiko, maze Pasteur Bizimungu akatirwa imyaka 15 y’igifungo
ariko aza guhabwa imbabazi na Perezida wa Repubulika Paul Kagame kuwa 6 Mata
2007; mu gihe Charles Ntakirutinka we yakatiwe gufungwa imyaka icumi, iki
gihano cye akaba yaranakirangije tariki 01 Werurwe 2012.
Uyu
mugabo Pasteur Bizimungu w’imyaka 66 kugeza ubu, ninawe ukiri ku isi mu ba
Perezida bose bigeze kuyobora u Rwanda mbere ya Perezida Paul Kagame uyobora
kugeza ubu. N’ubwo akiriho ariko, kuba yarakatiwe byamwambuye uburenganzira bwo
kongera kugaragara mu mirimo ya Politiki.
Perezida
Paul Kagame wavutse tariki 23 Ukwakira 1957, niwe Perezida w’u Rwanda kugeza
ubu, akaba amaze imyaka 16 ayobora Abanyarwanda. Ninawe Perezida rukumbi umaze
gutorwa kenshi n’abaturage ahatanye n’abandi bakandida, kuko abandi
bamubanjirije wasangaga biyamamaza ari bo bonyine.
Kuwa
Gatandatu tariki 22 Mata 2000 ku isaha ya saa 11:45 za mu gitondo ku isaha y’i
Kigali, kuri sitade nkuru y’u Rwanda; sitade Amahoro i Remera, Paul Kagame wari
visi Perezida w’u Rwanda icyo gihe, nibwo hatangajwe ko yagiye mu ntebe
y’ubuyobozi nka Perezida wa Repubulika by’agateganyo, nyuma yo kwegura kwa
Pasteur Bizimungu. Aha yari agiye kuyobora inzivacyuho nyuma yo gutorwa
n’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko.
Tariki
25 Kanama 2003, Paul Kagame wari umaze imyaka itatu ari Perezida w’inzibacyuho,
yatowe n’abaturage kuva ubwo yemererwa kuyobora manda ye ya mbere y’imyaka 7,
yarangiye muri 2010. Tariki 9 Kanama 2010, Paul Kagame yatorewe manda ya kabiri
igomba kuzarangira muri 2017, gusa nyuma y’ivugururwa ry’Itegeko Nshinga ku
busabe bw’abaturage bamugaragarije ko bamukunda kandi bifuza ko yakomeza
kubayobora indi myaka myinshi, ubu Paul Kagame ni umwe mu bakandida
baziyamamaza mu matora yo mu mwaka utaha wa 2017, hakaba hari n’icyizere
cyinshi cy’uko ari we uzatsinda agakomeza kuyobora u Rwanda mu gihe kizaza.
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